RE: The American "Fake News"
My non-expert view on all this, based on observation…
I spent 10 years in the states as a kid. Back then (80’s / early 90s), you got two doses of TV news (at 6pm and 11pm) on three networks (ABC, NBC, and CBS). That was all wedged in between syndicated comedies by day, prime time entertainment in the evenings, and late night talk shows.
Looking back … it was paradise.
Yes, we talked about current affairs, but (a) we were all working from the same fact set, and (b) we didn’t define ourselves by our politics.
There was a liberal bias to the extent that the major networks were all based in New York, Washington and Los Angeles. So all the editors, researchers, and reporters probably shared a coastal, urban, educated mentality. On reflection, this may have been irritating to someone in rural Kentucky, but as the news didn’t dominate our lives, it was annoying but not existential.
Then CNN came along. Still very much a moderate, middle-of-the-road, journalistic outfit, but it was feeding this mildly left-leaning bias to the masses 24 hours a day, 7 days a week. The reaction to that was Fox News in the mid-1990s — a right-leaning response to CNN. Fox News was a near instant success, prompting MSNBC to replicate its business model: all-liberal, all the time.
That’s when the fractures started to form and our separate ‘tribes’ started to coalesce. We missed the danger signs though, because we still had the old reliable voices of Tom Brokaw, Peter Jennings and Dan Rather on the network news shows.
The Internet was already beginning its insidious march to dominance, but I think the transformation of news to entertainment actually began with radio personalities like Rush Limbaugh and Ed Schultz. They seemed less threatening on radio, but they were the ‘proof of concept’ — they showed there was a bigger appetite for firebrand opinion than there was for mundane “news”.
Then the Internet really exploded and the fractures became chasms. Early adopters abandoned TV news altogether for blogs and social media where they found the dopamine hit of whatever opinion they favoured. But even late-adopters who were still watching TV news felt the effect. With the media market fragmenting, objective fact-based cable “news” was marginalised in favour of subjective opinion shows on “cable news channels”.
News became entertainment on both sides of the fence. For every Sean Hannity on the right, there’s a Chris Cuomo on the left. A Laura Ingrahem begets a Don Lemmon. A Jesse Waters on Fox begets a Lawrence O’Donnell on MSNBC. It’s an arms race of outrage.
But the mess that I think we are now in is as much mathematical as it is sociological. It’s the damn algorithms. It’s the hyper-precision with which we can efficiently foment the most outrage. Because outrage equals clicks, and clicks equal dollars.
Is it any better in other countries?
Maybe, but not much. Canada and most of Western Europe still have respected, mostly balanced public TV channels, which I think has tempered this a little. Say what you like about The BBC, but it is still the source “of record” for much of our news.
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