On this day

(27-10-2013 11:40 )4evadionne Wrote:  1919 - London: Government figures show a national debt of £473, 645,000.

In today's money that would be somewhere around £28 billion, compared to the end of 2012 when the National Debt stood at £1,377 billion.

Obviously the economy is so much bigger nowadays so a better comparison is debt expressed as a percentage of GDP.

In 1919 it stood at 11%. At the end of 2012 it stood at 91%, and is forecast to reach 96% at the end of 2013, and 99% at the end of 2014 (these are official Treasury figures).

Even allowing for the fact that in 1919 we were only just starting to recover from WWI, the words "shit", "creek","without" and "paddle" come to mind.........

November 3rd

1868 - USA: Ulysses S. Grant is elected President of the United States.

1875 - USA: In a secret government meeting in the White House, a decision was made to wage war on the Indians who had not accepted and complied with US authority and left the Black Hills.

1903 - Holland: Willem Einthoven gives a description of his new invention for monitoring the heart- an electro-cardiograph.

1905 - London: Sir Claude MacDonald is appointed first UK ambassador to Japan.

1908 - USA: William Howard Taft is elected President of the United States.

1911 - North Africa: Morocco becomes a French protectorate under the new Franco-German treaty.

1918 - Vienna: Austria signs an armistice with the Allies.

1919 - London: Labour win control of 14 out of 28 boroughs in the London municipal elections.

1925 - USA: James J. "Jimmy" Walker is elected Mayor of New York City.

1926 - UK: Bookmakers go on strike at Windsor in protest at the new betting tax which came into force on November 1st.

1936 - USA: Franklin D. Roosevelt is re-elected President of the United States in a Democratic landslide, that carried every state except Maine, and Vermont.

1937 - Danzig: Police seize Jewish bank deposits.

1939 - UK: After complaints from employers and trade unions, the blackout is reduced by an hour.

1940 - Atlantic: The U-Boat U99 sinks the British armed merchant cruisers Laurentic and Petroclus in the north-western approaches.

1941 - USSR: The Germans capture Kursk.

1942 - Delhi: Chiang Kai-shek puts 15 Chinese divisions under the command of Lieutenant General Stilwell for the Burmese campaign.

1943 - Germany: 539 B-17 USAAF bombers, using the H2X blind-bombing device, devastate Wilhelmshaven naval base.

1944 - Mariana Islands: Japanese planes raid USAAF bases on Saipan and Tinian.

1948 - USA: The state of Kansas ends prohibition after 68 years.

1955 - USA: The discovery of a promising common cold vaccine is announced by the US Public Health Service.

1956 - Egypt: Israeli troops take control of Gaza and Sinai.

1960 - UK: Elvis Presley scores his fifth UK No.1 single with "It's Now Or Never" which stayed at No.1 for eight weeks.

1961 - USA: Nashville's Country Music Hall of Fame, elected it's first members - Jimmy Rodgers "The Singing Brakeman", Hank Williams, and Fred Rose, co-founder of the Acuff Rose music publishing company.

1969 - USA: President Richard Nixon announces that secret US peace proposals have been rejected by the North Vietnamese.

1973 - USA: Mariner 10, the first US probe of the planet Mercury is launched.

1979 - USA: A shootout in Greensborough, North Carolina between Ku Klux Klan members and participants in anti-Klan rally leaves five demonstrators dead and eight wounded. 14 Klansman are arrested and 12 of them are charged with first-degree murder.

1985 - New Zealand: Two French agents plead guilty to sinking the Greenpeace ship, Rainbow Warrior.

1986 - Mozambique: Joaquim Chissano is chosen to succeed President Machel, who was killed in a plane crash in South Africa.

1988 - Seoul: Around 24,000 members of the police protect ex-president Chun Doo Hwan from a student lynch mob.

1992 - USA: William Jefferson Clinton is elected President of the United States.

1994 - London: The government drops plans for privatising the Post Office.

1997 - South Africa: Prince Charles, pays his first public tribute to his former wife Princess Diana Spencer since her death in Paris in August, at a state banquet in Cape Town.

2005 - Outer Space: A compact radio source named Sagittarius A at the centre of the Milky Way is proven to be a supermassive black hole.

2009 - The Hague: Ex-Bosnian Serb leader Radovan Karadzic attends his war crime trial for the first time after boycotting previous sittings.

2011 - Syria: Ongoing fighting in the city of Homs sees 20 people and 13 soldiers killed.

November 4th

1875 - USA: 236 people are drowned off Cape Flattery, Washington, after the steamer Pacific sinks after a collision.

1884 - USA: Grover Cleveland is elected President of the United States, with Thomas A. Hendricks, elected Vice President.

1902 - London: J.M. Barrie's "The Admirable Crichton" is first performed at the Duke of York's Theatre.

1910 - South Africa: The First parliament of the new Union of South Africa opens in Cape Town.

1913 - Ulster: Businessmen refuse to pay tax until Home Rule is abandoned.

1920 - China: A report states that severe famine is leading some Chinese families to resort to selling their children in exchange for food.

1924 - USA: Texas elects the first woman state governor "Ma" Miriam Ferguson.

1931 - London: Herbert Samuel is appointed leader of the liberal party in succession to David Lloyd George.

1938 - UK: 14 people are killed when a British airliner crashes in Jersey.

1939 - Norway: The Norwegian Admiralty reported that it had interned the German crew of the captured US freighter City of Flint after it docked at Haugesund, en route from Murmansk to Germany.

1942 - London: Winston Churchill chairs the first meeting of the Anti-U-Boat Committee, to co-ordinate scientific and military efforts in the Battle of the Atlantic.

1943 - USA: A plutonium-manufacturing plant, codenamed X-10 opens at Oak Ridge, Tennessee.

1944 - Belgium: Allied minesweepers begin clearing the Scheldt estuary.

1949 - London: The BBC announces it's purchase of the Rank Films Studios at Lime Grove, West London. Rank serves 120 of it's staff, with redundancy notices making the total number of film workers dismissed for that year to 1,500.

1952 - London: H.M The Queen opens her first Parliament.

1954 - USA: The musical "Fanny" by S.N. Behrman and Joshua Logan, with music and lyrics by Harold Rome, opens at the Majestic Theatre in New York.

1956 - London: Hundreds of demonstrators demand Anthony Eden's resignation over his handling of the Suez crisis.

1960 - UK: Severe flooding causes chaos in south-east England.

1963 - Hollywood: For the launching of It's a Mad, Mad, Mad, Mad World producer-director Stanley Kramer and United Artists organise the most expensive press reception in cinema history. 250 reporters from 26 countries are invited for four days of festivities at a cost of $250,000.

1965 - Paris: Charles De Gaulle announces he will stand for re-election as President.

1973 - Kuwait: Arab oil producers tighten their embargo with a further 25% cut in supplies.

1977 - New York: The UN puts a mandatory ban on arms sales to South Africa.

1978 - UK: Many bakers impose bread rationing as a bakers strike leads to panic buying.

1979 - New York: Iranian students protest against the ex-Shah's presence in the US.

1983 - Lebanon: 39 Israeli troops are killed when an Arab suicide bomber drives a lorry packed with explosives into their camp.

1986 - Washington: The Democrats win control of the Senate.

1989 - East Germany: Spreading dissent across the country culminates in a million-strong protest in East Berlin.

1991 - UK: British Rail blames leaves on the lines for train delays.

1993 - USA: Martin Gore from Depeche Mode is arrested at the Denver Westin Hotel after refusing to turn down the music volume in his room.

1998 - USA: In a result that went against predictions, President Clinton's Democratic Party made gains across the country in the mid-term elections. Many observers had felt the party would suffer because of his impending impeachment.

2005 - Israel: The Israeli people begin events to mark the 10th anniversary of the assassination of Prime Minister Yitzhak Rabin.

2009 - China: A Disney theme park in Shanghai, get's China's approval after a decade of negotiations.

2010 - Australia: A piece of stone axe discovered at the Gabarnmung Rock Art Gallery on the lands of the Jawoyn people of Australia's Northern Territory, is dated at 35,500 years old, making it the oldest of its type in the world.

November 5th

1862 - USA: General Ambrose E. Burnside is named by President Abraham Lincoln to replace General George B. McClellan as commander of the Army of the Potomac.

1872 - USA: Ulysses S. Grant is re-elected President of the United States, defeating Horace Greeley by an electoral vote of 286 to 66.

1902 - Somaliland: The Mad Mullah, and around 17,000 of his men advance on British troops at Bohodle.

1908 - Amsterdam: The Cullinan Diamond is cut into eight stones, seven of which go into a necklace for Queen Alexandria.

1911 - North Africa: Italy announces the annexation of Libya, Tripolitania and Cyrenaica.

1912 - USA: Woodrow Wilson is elected President of the United States in a landslide Democratic victory.

1916 - Berlin: Germany and Austria jointly proclaim Poland to be an independent Kingdom.

1917 - London: The War Office agrees to send supplies of Christmas Puddings to British Troops in France.

1921 - USA: Armistice Day, November 11, is proclaimed a legal holiday by President Warren G. Harding.

1925 - Rome: Benito Mussolini bans all left-wing parties.

1927 - USA: Golfer Walter Hagen wins the US PGA tournament for an unprecedented fourth time in a row.

1929 - India: The longest electrified railway in the Empire opens, running 116 miles from Bombay to Poona.

1930 - Hollywood: "All Quiet on the Western Front, wins the best picture at the Academy Awards, with George Arliss winning best actor for "Disraeli" and Norma Shearer taking best actress for "The Divorce."

1932 - UK: A five-day old strike by 200,000 Lancashire cotton workers ends after the strikers agree to a wage cut.

1939 - Germany: Adolf Hitler sets the 12th of November as the date for the attack on the Low Countries and France.

1944 - Cairo: Zionist Stern Gang terrorists assassinate Lord Moyne, the British resident minister in the Middle East.

1948 - USA: The new M-46 tank is named "Patton" after the famous wartime general.

1953 - Tel Aviv: Ben-Gurion resigns as prime minister, and is succeeded by Moshe Sharett.

1954 - UK: Broadcaster Richard Dimbleby turns down a £10,000 a year offer to work for ITV.

1956 - New York: The UN votes to create a UN force for the Middle East.

1962 - London: The government halves purchase tax on cars to boost the economy.

1965 - Rhodesia: Ian Smith declares a state of emergency, insisting it is not a prelude to declaration of independence.

1968 - USA: Shirley Chisholm becomes the first black woman to be elected to the House of Representatives.

1973 - London: Ronnie Lane's "Slim Chance" play their first-ever gig in a circus tent on Clapham Common.

1979 - London: Blue Oyster Cult play the first of four sell-out shows at the Hammersmith Odeon.

1984 - Nicaragua: Daniel Ortega is elected President.

1988 - USA: The Song "The Locomotion" becomes the first song to reach the US top 5 in three different versions, when Kylie Minogue's version makes No.4. The song had also been a hit for Little Eva and Grand Funk.

1993 - Strasbourg: Germany, France, and Belgium inaugurate the Eurocorps, a joint military unit which is hoped will become the core of a future European Army.

1995 - Egypt: The tomb of Queen Nefertiti, favourite wife of Pharoah Rameses II, is opened to visitors at Luxor, for the first time since its discovery in 1964.

1997 - California: Scientists accept that they have permanently lost contact with the Pathfinder probe on the surface of Mars.

2005 - Israel: Archaeologists discover a rare early Christian church, dating to circa AD 300, near the prison of Megiddo.

2007 - Russia: A fire at a retirement home in village near Tula, kills 23 people.

2010: UK: "Ready, Steady, Cook", thought to be the longest running cookery show currently on TV is axed by the BBC.

November 6th

1860 - USA: Abraham Lincoln is elected President of the United States in a Republican victory over the divided Democrats. Hannibal Hamlin is Elected vice-president.

1895 - USA: A boiler explosion in the building of the Evening Journal in Detroit, kills 40 people.

1905 - Poland: Riots in Warsaw mark renewed calls for Polish autonomy.

1906 - New York: Charles Evan Hughes is elected governor of New York, largely on the strength of his investigation of life insurance scandals. He became a vigorous reformer in many fields.

1911 - London: The Imperial Cancer Research Fund state that the disease may be hereditary.

1913 - Paris: Composer Camille Saint-Saens, gives his farewell concert at the Salle Gaveau.

1918 - Western Front: German High Command orders the withdrawal of troops across the Meuse.

1921 -Budapest: The Hungarian parliament votes to depose the Habsberg dynasty following the failed monarchist coup.

1923 - Berlin: Around a 1,000 shops are looted during a spate of anti-Semitic rioting.

1925 - Moscow: Peasant-born Kliment Voroshilov is chosen to succeed Leon Trotsky as head of the Red Army.

1928 - USA: The first animated electric sign in the US is mounted by The New York Times around the top of the Times Building, in Times Square, New York. Used to report the presidential election returns, it was called the zipper because of the way it circled the building.

1932 - Germany: The Nazis lose 34 seats in Reichstag elections as the Nationalists gain ground.

1934 - USA: Senator Huey Long calls for the secession of the state of Louisiana from the US.

1935 - UK: The prototype of the Hawker Hurricane makes its maiden flight.

1937 - Rome: Italy signs an anti-communist pact between Germany and Japan.

1940 - East Africa: Lieutenant-General William Slim leads an unsuccessful attack on the Italians at Gallabat.

1941 - Atlantic: The US cruiser Omaha and destroyer Somers capture the German armed merchantman Odenwald.

1942 - UK: The Church of England ends its rule forcing women to wear hats in church.

1947 - London: Five people are killed in three train crashes as thick fog envelops the city.

1950 - Korea: Douglas MacArthur reports that Chinese forces have attacked UN Forces near the Manchurian border.

1956 - USA: Dwight D. Eisenhower is re-elected President of the United States in a landslide victory.

1958 - Paris: Charles De Gaulle invests Winston Churchill with the Cross of Lorraine and the Order of Liberation.

1964 - Southern Rhodesia: A White referendum overwhelmingly endorses Ian Smith's policy on independence.

1966 - USA: Lunar Orbiter 2 is launched.

1971 - USA: An underground nuclear test is carried out on the remote Alaskan island of Amchitka, despite attempts by environmentalists and others to halt it. The Spartan warhead had a yield equivalent to 5,000,000 tons of T.N.T.

1978 - Tehran: The Shah appoints his chief of staff General Azhari as Prime Minister.

1981 - London: Margaret Thatcher and Irish premier Garret Fitzgerald agree to increase the links between Britain and Ireland.

1984 - London: The government admits the log of HMS Conqueror, the submarine that sank the Belgrano, is missing.

1989 - New York: David Dinkins is elected as the city's first black mayor.

1993 - USA: Pearl Jam hit No.I on the US album chart with Vs selling 950,378 copies in a week.

1995 - Jerusalem: World leaders including British prime minister John Major attend the funeral of Yitzhak Rabin.

2005 - Germany: People in several parts of Germany report seeing fireballs in the sky, causing speculation that they might be UFO's. Scientists state the sightings are of the Taurid Meteor Shower.

2006 - Kenya: The Un Climate Change Conference opens in Nairobi.

2010 - Italy: The House of Gladiators in the ancient Roman city of Pompeii collapses, beginning criticism of the Italian governments "neglect of the site."

(06-11-2013 11:25 )4evadionne Wrote:  November 6th

{SNIP}

1925 - Moscow: Peasant-born Kliment Voroshilov is chosen to succeed Leon Trotsky as head of the Red Army.

{SNIP}

Interesting biography. I'd never heard of him. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kliment_Voroshilov

(05-11-2013 13:47 )4evadionne Wrote:  1973 - London: Ronnie Lane's "Slim Chance" play their first-ever gig in a circus tent on Clapham Common.

Ronnie Lane made his name in the 1960's alongside Steve Marriott as one of the founders of the Small Faces. They had a string of hits including "Itchycoo Park", "All or Nothing" and "Lazy Sunday". After Marriott left in 1969 they became the Faces, being joined by Ronnie Wood and Rod Stewart.

More hits followed, like "Cindy Incidentally" and "Stay With Me", but the members were going in different musical directions and split up in 1973.

In 1973 Ronnie Lane moved to Fishpool Farm in the village of Hyssington, Wales, just over the border from England, just off the Shrewsbury to Bishop's Castle road. Lane and his wife thoroughly immersed themselves in country life.

"Slim Chance" was so named as that was Lane's tongue-in-cheek estimation of the likelyhood of them having any commercial success, although they had a no. 11 single with "How Come" and a Top 50 album.

After initial success he commenced a tour called "The Passing Show", touring the UK as a carnival complete with tents and barkers. Viv Stanshall, from the Bonzo Dog Doo Dah Band, was a short-lived ringmaster (of sorts). Lane moved to Island Records and issued Ronnie Lane's Slim Chance and One for the Road. In late 1976 he joined a short-lived reformation of Small Faces but quit after two rehearsals, to be replaced by Rick Wills (who later played alongside former Small Faces drummer Kenney Jones in The Jones Gang). However, Lane had signed a contract with Atlantic Records as part of the Small Faces, and was informed that he owed the company an album. His ensuing album with Pete Townshend, Rough Mix, produced by Glyn Johns, which was released in 1977, was lauded as contender for best album of the year by many critics, but the label did not promote it and sales were lacklustre, reaching only no. 44 in the UK and no. 45 in the US.

During the recording of Rough Mix, Lane was diagnosed as having multiple sclerosis. Nonetheless he toured, wrote and recorded (with Eric Clapton among others) and in 1979 released another album, See Me, which featured several songs written by Lane and Clapton. Around this time Lane travelled the highways and byways of England and lived a 'passing show' modern nomadic life in full Gypsy traveller costume and accommodation.

Lane moved to Texas in 1984, where he continued playing, writing, and recording. For close to a decade Lane enjoyed "rock royalty" status in the Austin area. He toured Japan but his health continued to decline. His last performance was in 1992 at a Ronnie Wood gig alongside Ian McLagan. In 1994 Ronnie and his wife Susan moved to the small town of Trinidad, Colorado. Jimmy Page, Rod Stewart and Ronnie Wood continued to fund his medical care because no royalties from The Small Faces' work was forthcoming until Kenney Jones and Ian McLagan were eventually able to secure payments, by which time Steve Marriott had died in a house fire and Lane had also died. Lane succumbed to pneumonia, in the final stages of his progressive multiple sclerosis, on 4 June 1997 at the age of just 51. An album of live BBC recordings was about to be released to raise money for his care when Lane died.

Here's Ronnie Lane singing "Annie", a single taken from the 1977 Rough Mix album. How this wasn't a hit or used as a TV/Film theme I'll never know:

November 7th

1811 - USA: William Henry Harrison, commander of 800 US soldiers fighting marauding Indians organized by Tecumsah, beat off a surprise attack led by Tecumsah's brother Tenskwatawa, at the Tippecanoe River in north central Indiana. The US soldiers saw 61 of their men killed and 127 wounded.

1861 - USA: Union forces capture Port Royal Island on the South Carolina Coast. A navy fleet under Samuel F. Du Pont bombarded the protecting forts, "Beauregard and Walker", which were then overrun by Army Troops under Lt Col. Thomas W. Sherman.

1904 - Poland: Reserve troops in Warsaw are mobilised as the revolutionary movement gathers pace.

1918 - Germany: Socialists under Kurt Eisner declare a republic in Bavaria.

1919 - London: The Olympia Motor Show opens for the first time since 1913.

1924 - Dublin: The Irish government declares an amnesty for all convicted in connection with the Civil War.

1931 - London: The BBC announces a new Empire-wide radio service from a new station to be built at Daventry.

1937 - Moscow: Around I,000,000 people parade on the 20th anniversary of the Revolution.

1938 - Paris: A Polish Jew shoots and kills German diplomat Ersnt von Rath in protest at the Nazi expulsion of Jews.

1939 - Germany: The Western attack planned for 12 November is postponed due to bad weather.

1941 - Minsk, USSR: 12,000 Jews are slaughtered and buried in mass graves outside the city.

1943 - Solomon Islands: Japanese aircraft attack the US carriers Saratoga and Princeton but inflict no damage.

1944 - Moscow: Stalin refuses to renew diplomatic relations with Switzerland because of its ban on the Communist Party, and its continuing arms trade with Germany.

1949 - Strasbourg: The Council of Europe holds its first session, chaired by Belgium's Paul Spaak.

1950 - Korea: A US F.86 shoots down a MIG 15 in the first combat between jet fighters.

1956 - New York: The UN votes for Anglo-French and Israeli withdrawal from Egypt.

1960 - Moscow: Missiles appear for the first time at the annual parade in Red Square.

1967 - UK: Hugh Scanlon is elected head of the engineering union, the AEU.

1971 - Northern Ireland: The IRA kills two off-duty soldiers in County Armagh.

1975 - USA: Elton John begins a three week run at No.1 on the US album chart with "Rock of the Westies"

1981 - USA: Hall and Oates begin a two week stint at No.1 on the US singles chart with "Private Eyes."

1985 - Columbia: Over 50 people are killed when police and troops storm the palace of justice in Bogota, to end a 27-hour siege by gunmen.

1987 - USA: 16 year-old singer "Tiffany" becomes the youngest act since Michael Jackson to score a No.1 with "I Think We're Alone Now."

1990 - India: Prime Minister V.P Singh resigns after losing a vote of
confidence.

1993 - Adelaide: Brazil's Ayrton Senna wins the final race in the F1 season in Australia; Alain Prost finishes second.

1997 - UK: The Spice Girls sack their manager Simon Fuller and his 19 strong management team.

2006 - Japan: A tornado kills nine people and injures twelve in Saroma, Hokkaido, Japan.

2009 - New Zealand: Scientists in the South Island, discover the first dinosaur footprints in the country, which are believed to be 70 million years old.

(07-11-2013 19:56 )4evadionne Wrote:  November 7th

{SNIP}

1950 - Korea: A US F.86 shoots down a MIG 15 in the first combat between jet fighters.

{SNIP}

This could be quite good on BBC2 tonight
http://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b03h8r3y

November 8th

1864 - USA: Abraham Lincoln is re-elected President of the United States, with Andrew Johnson as vice president.

1880 - New York: The celebrated French actress Sarah Bernhardt makes her debut at Booth's Theatre in New York City.

1902 - London: Kaiser Wilhelm II begins a 12-day visit to attempt to improve Anglo-German relations.

1905 - Russia: Violence erupts in Odessa against the Jewish Populace with mass looting, shootings, and thousands of deaths.

1907 - Paris: The first newspaper photograph is transmitted by cable from the "L'Illustration" to the "Daily Mirror" in London.

1913 - Paris: "Cubism" is banned at the Salon d'Automne Art Exhibition.

1915 - Mediterranean: 208 people are killed after the Italian liner Ancona is torpedoed off Sardinia.

1927 - UK: A conducted survey shows that people are drinking more tea and coffee and less beer since the end of the Great War.

1929 - Paris: Albert Einstein receives an Honorary degree from the Sorbonne.

1933 - USA: The Civil Works Administration is set up, with its plan to provide work for around 4,000,000 unemployed and to put two-thirds of families receiving relief on a self-sustaining basis. It's first director was Harry L. Hopkins.

1935 - Hollywood: The sea faring film "Mutiny on the Bounty" is released directed by Frank Lloyd and starring Clark Gable as Fletcher Christian, and Charles Laughton as Captain Bligh.

1939 - UK: One in three listeners tune in to the first episode of the BBC's drama-documentary Shadow of the Swastika, featuring Marius Goring as Adolf Hitler.

1940 - Bass Strait: The City of Rayville is sunk by a mine, becoming the first US merchant ship to be lost in the war.

1941 - USSR: The Germans occupy Yalta, in the Crimea, and Tikhvin in the north, completing the encirclement of Leningrad.

1942 - Libya: Irwin Rommel's army retreats back across the border from Egypt.

1943 - Italy: Eighth Army Troops reach the Sangro river.

1944 - Hungary: Germany begins to deport around 38,000 Jews to death camps in Germany.

1947 - UK: Potatoes are rationed to three pounds per person per week.

1954 - London: MP's give their approval on the new Highway Code.

1959 - UK: Sightseers flock to the M1 on the first Sunday after it was opened, with many picnicking on the approach roads.

1960 - USA: John F. Kennedy is elected President of the United States, with Lyndon Baines Johnson as vice president.

1961 - USA: A plane crash kills 74 US Army recruits flying in a chartered Imperial Airlines Constellation over an area near Richmond Virginia. It was later revealed the airline had been penalised twice before for infractions of CAA regulations.

1963 - UK: Sir Alec Douglas-Home is elected to the House of Commons in a by-election at Kinross.

1967 - Leicester: Radio Leicester, the BBC's first local station, opens.

1972 - Bonn: East and West Germany agree a treaty to normalise relations.

1975 - USA: David Bowie makes his US TV-debut, on the Cher CBS-TV show, performing "Fame"

1978 : USA: The Indian Child Welfare Act was set up, with the aim to establish standards for the placement of Indian children in foster or adoptive homes to prevent the breakup of Indian Families.

1980 - USA: NASA reports that the Voyager 1 space probe has discovered a 15th moon around Saturn.

1986 - UK: Berlin's "Take Your Breath Away" from the film Top Gun begins a four week run at No.1 on the UK singles chart.

1988 - China: Around 1,000 people are feared dead after an earthquake occurs near the Burmese border.

1998 - UK: Robbie Williams scores his second UK No.1 album with I've Been Expecting You.

1999 - London: Eminem plays the first of two sell-out nights at the London Astoria.

2007 - China: 29 miners are killed in a gas leak at a colliery in China's Guizhou province.

2008 - Cayman Islands: Hurricane Paloma reaches Category 4 strength and winds of 140mph as it approaches the Cayman Islands.

2010 - China: China's Premier Wen Jiabao, reveals pictures of the Moon's Sirius Iridum, or Bay of Rainbows, taken during China's Chang- e2 Lunar Probe Mission.